The Hepatoprotective Effects of Basil Leaf ( Ocimum sanctum L. ) Extract on Paracetamol Induced Liver Damage in Male Rat

Basil leaf have antioxidants such as flavonoids, so it is thought to have a hepatoprotective effect. This study aims to investigate the effect of basil leaf extract on SGOT and SGPT levels in male rats induced by paracetamol. Basil leaf extract was carried out by the percolation method using ethyl acetate solvent, Some 20 male sprague dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Basil leaf extract (400 mg/kgBB and 600 mg/kgBB) and sylimarin (100 mg/kgBB) were carried out every day for 28 days, paracetamol was induced 24 hours after giving the last day of basil leaf extract. The parameters measured were SGOT and SGPT level to assess the effect of basil leaf extract on liver damage caused by paracetamol. The results showed that basil leaf extract (400 mg/kgBB dan 600 mg/kgBB) showed that the activities of SGOT and SGPT levels were statistically significant (p<0,05) to negative control. Basil leaf extract shows the effect of hepatoprotector on liver induced by paracetamol, however the effect given was not able to equate with positive control.


Introduction
The liver is one of the organs that is responsible for many functions, one of which is to process the metabolism of foreign materials in the body. Liver disease in Indonesia has a high prevalence. Liver damage occurs due to the presence of free radicals.
Free radicals come from the environment such as UV radiation, pepticides, toxic chemicals, air pollution and cigarette smoke or due to excessive metabolism. 1 Inflammation of the liver or known as hepatitis is caused by several factors such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, drugs, alcohol, worms, or malnutrition. 2 Hepatitis is a disease that has become a public health problem which affects the morbidity rate, life expectancy, mortality rate, public health status and has an impact on other socioeconomic conditions. 3 Paracetamol can cause liver damage due to the use of drugs with inappropriate doses or at high doses. The use of paracetamol is widely known by the public as an analgesic and antipyretic which is widely sold in the market. At certain doses, paracetamol can cause hepatotoxicity and acute kidney. 4 Paracetamol is safe to consume at a dose of 4 grams / day, but its therapeutic effect is different when it is consumed more than 4 grams / day which results in severe hepatotoxies. 5 Medicinal plants are scientifically studied and researched, the results prove and support the fact that Based on the above background, the author intends to carry out a study that aims to determine whether the basil leaf extract given to white mice induced by paracetamol affects the levels of SGOT (Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase) and SGPT (Serum Glutamic Piruvik Transaminase).

Tool
The tools used in this research include standard animal cages, feeding containers, drinking containers, syringes, beaker glass, percolators, UV-Vis rotary evaporator, erlenmeyer, handscoon, test tubes, test tube racks, micro pipettes, yellow tip and blue tip.

Material
The materials used in this study include male rats, special rat feed, mineral water, husks, basil leaves, ethyl acetate, paracetamol, basil leaf extract, 0.5% Na CMC, sylarin, alcohol swab, ether, and inj. Ketamine HCl.

Sample preparation
In this basil plant research, the part taken is the leaves. Drying the leaves is done by being aerated without exposure to sunlight or in an oven at a temperature of 20 °C. After the leaves are dry then mashed in a blender then sifted into a simplicia powder.

Basil leaf extraction
The extraction method used in this research is

Treatment of experimental animals
There are 25 experimental animals in this research which will be grouped into 5 groups and each group contains 5 animals. The rats were caged with the husk mat in groups, the standard food given to the rats was 20 g / head / day with drinking water ad libitum.
Before the experimental process was carried out, it was adapted for 7 days, this was done so that the diet and way of life between mice were the same, and could adapt to the environment in their cage. During the study, the five groups of mice were given standard feed. 15 The grouping of experimental animals was divided into 5 different treatment groups, as follows: 1. Rats in group one were the normal group (K0) which were given standard feed during the study and were given 0.5% Na CMC on day 1 to day 28.

Data collection
In this study, data collection was carried out by calculating the average results of SGOT and SGPT levels in serum, expressed as UI / L data in each research group.

Data analysis
To determine the effect of basil leaf extract (Ocimum sanctum L.) on SGOT and SGPT levels in rats, the results of the data obtained from the measurement of SGOT and SGPT levels were compared using the

SGPT levels
The which indicates that basil leaf extract is able to prevent liver damage.