Effect of Non-Coding Region RNA Gene XIST (X-Inactive Specific Transcript) on Human Breast Cancer

X chromosome is a sex chromosome found in both women and me n. The inactivation of the X chromosome is linked to a non-coding region of RNA known as the XIST gene (X-inactive specific transcript). This gene is located in the X inactivation center (XIC X-inactive center). The XIST gene is a region that belongs to the RNA group, non-coding transcripts (NCT), also known as microRNA. Breast cancer (Breast Cancer) is a type of cancer that commonly affects women, but men can develop breast cancer, but the chances are small, about 1 in 1000. Breast cancer is a cancerous neoplasm that is malignant, and occurs in the mammary gland. The presence of a specific XIST gene on the X chromosome and the prevalence of breast cancer, which is mostly in women, raises the idea that there is an influence of this gene on breast cancer (breast cancer) in the epigenetic process. The XIST gene related to microRNA has an opportunity to be looked at because certain microRNAs have a greater or lesser level (concentration) in cancer cells than normal cells. This is a new opportunity to continue to be developed as a consideration for a new treatment method involving gene therapy.


Introduction
X chromosome is a sex chromosome found in both women and men. However, a unique mechanism of inactivation of the x chromosome in normal (XX) women is that only one X chromosome is transcribed. This is related to the non-coding region of RNA known as the XIST gene (X-inactive specific transcript). This gene is located in the X inactivation center (XIC Xinactive center). The XIST gene is a region that belongs to the RNA group, non-coding transcripts (NCT), also known as microRNA. 1 This X chromosome inactivation mechanism works in epigenetic regulation. Epigenetics is a change in gene expression but does not change the gene sequence.
Research on inactivation of the X chromosome is mostly done on human embryonic stem cells (hESC).
As an initiating factor for the X chromosome inactivation, this Xist gene will be expressed in low levels, especially before the process of differentiation of the X and hESC chromosomes. 2 The X chromosome will be inactivated randomly, starting with the embryo in the pre -gastrulation stage.
This allows the inactivation pattern of the X chromosome to be passed on to the offspring, resulting in a genetic mosaic pattern of cells both paternally and materially. 3 Meanwhile, at the promotion stage, a cell that has undergone initiation will turn malignant. Cells that have not passed the initiation stage will not be affected

Expression and Mechanism of the XIST gene
Gen X inactive-specific transcript (XIST) belongs to a class of RNAs known as "non-coding transcripts (NCTs)", in the real sense not without coding, but rather as microRNA. NCTs have an important role in human cells, and also have an association with the tumorigenesis process, this was found by the dysregulation of NCTs expression in cancer cells.

Figure 1. Gen XIST (X-inactive specific transcript)
This XIST gene is in the XIC (X-inactive center)

Discussion
Cancer is a genetic and epigenetic disease. In The Barr body is an inactive X chromosome that has condensed to form a solid complement that appears to be near the nucleus when observed under a microscope, and can be detected by certain colors. 7 Likewise, in men with Klinefelter's syndrome (genotype XXY) who have a predisposition to gynecomastia and breast cancer, this again suggests a role for increased dose of gene X in breast growth and carcinogenesis. One of the most common cytogenetic abnormalities observed in male breast cancer is an increase in the number of X chromosomes. The excess X chromosome allows an X chromosome inactivation mechanism, so that only 1 X chromosome is active. This mechanism will certainly be different from that of women, because the initiation of the Y chromosome will be an additional, more complex epigenetic factor. 8 The presence of a specific XIST gene on the X chromosome and the prevalence of breast cancer, which is mostly in women, raises the idea that there is an effect of this gene on breast cancer (breast cancer). 9 The XIST gene related to microRNA has an opportunity to be looked at because certain This is a new opportunity to continue to be developed as a consideration for a new treatment method involving gene therapy.

Conclusion
Inactivation of the X chromosome is related to the XIST gene. This gene is located in the X inactivation center (XIC X-inactive center). The XIST gene is a region that belongs to the RNA group, non-coding transcripts (NCT), also known as microRNA. The presence of a specific XIST gene on the X chromosome and the prevalence of breast cancer, which is mostly in women, raises the idea that there is an influence of this gene on breast cancer (breast cancer) in the epigenetic process.
The XIST gene related to microRNA has an opportunity to be looked at because certain MicroRNAs have a greater or lesser level (concentration) in cancer cells than normal cells. In cancer cells the overexpression of certain mRNAs because they are free of microRNAs, or the oversuppression of certain mRNAs leads to overexpression of their alternative mRNAs. Returning the microRNA level to normal levels is one method of cancer therapy. This is a new opportunity to continue to be developed as a consideration for a new treatment method involving gene therapy.